17 Cosmic engine room - Mercury and Gemini | blog.kosmonautix.cz
Two weeks ago I wrote an article about the first Soviet spacecraft Vostok and Voskhod. Today I will discuss the U.S.. Soviet Union at the beginning of space exploration is clearly winning. The first satellite in orbit, the first cosmonaut, first EVA and many other firsts launched the so-called space race. The Americans have apparently pulled the short end. All this only because missiles the USSR did produce a decent racket. While the R-7 family slowly grew, Americans his racket dreams still searching. In 1957, fired by the Soviet Union Sputnik-1. A month followed Sputnik-2 with Laika on board. It was not clear what will be the next. Both superpowers have focused on sending humans into space.
Today we know that Yuri Gagarin was the first to ship Vostok. But then it was not so clear. Russians conceal everything, and so the U.S. can only speculate how many still have time. Therefore bet on certainty. In the absence of a decent racket focused on suborbital jump. In theory, the primacy enough nor half speed. Simply, it was necessary to put an astronaut capsule with shield and parachutes and shoot him some rocket to 100 km. The flight did not take more than seven minutes. It is best suited adjusted single-stage Redstone rocket, which I wrote in the fourth parts Cosmic Engine. Dnešnýo works, however, is not about rockets, is a manned missiles ships.
Mercury was America's pride. The first two launches graduated from the Redstone rocket and flew only suborbital trajectory. Honor to ride on Redstone had two American astronauts Alan Bartlett Shepard and Virgil Ivan Grissom. This was followed by a full flights to orbit. Already tested missiles the boat there four times earned Atlas-D rocket.
Mercury spacecraft was able to stay in space five hours and even after small adjustments throughout the day. At first glance, a very simple design, however, was very sophisticated and at that time even better design, as Vostok.
Order to complete a difficult space flight, had to meet a number of safety rules. Its walls were made up a quarter of a millimeter missiles thick titanium plates between which the lining, which prevented the penetration of sound waves or heat. The protection against missiles huge temperature missiles descent cared Beryllium shield. The ship was able to withstand axially missiles Upsilon overload up to 25 G at startup, and during the descent. Side managed to survive missiles up to 4 G. congestion when they hit the water surface 15G.
The astronaut rescue in case of accident launchers be care rescue system LES (Launch Escape System). Deorbitačný served to ignite braking rockets attached to the shield. missiles Power Cab electricity missiles provide three batteries with output of 3 kWh and one with an output of 1.5 kWh. In the wall of the visor, which is observing the earth. Similarly, it also served a small telescope that popped up after the first cosmic speed and descent alone automatically hid.
In space astronauts working in very cramped conditions. Matter of fact originated missiles the joke that man shall not take into Mercury, he wears it. On board were two cameras. One sense a control board with more than a hundred buttons, switches, lights, dials and other controls and information elements. The second control center watched astronaut. He for one day spent in orbit has done a good chunk of work.
Landing maneuver began ignition braking rockets. missiles They reduce boat speed of about 100 m / s. She then began to decrease slowly. At a height of about 90 km, is beryllium heat shield started. In forty kilometers was measured highest temperature 1650 degrees Celsius. Altimeter began working at 30 000 meters. Braking missiles parachute with a diameter of 1.4 meters was opened 6.4 kilometers above the Earth and the main parachute missiles canopy with dvadsaťmetrovou opens at three kilometers. Cabin sucked into the ocean. From the impact of the release depth bomb that exploded one kilometer below the surface and report information such as the approximate position of Mercury. Also released shield, which, however, remained associated with the boat and create a cushion to dampen the impact. After landing two radio beacons were activated and a beacon that could be seen within 37 km. Also began to emit phosphorescent substance missiles which marked the exact place of impact. Astronaut from the ship could get a top opening. But before flight to Mercury boarded side door.
In the boat were several automatic systems. They serve to stabilize the ship, temperature control Suit, automatic shooting, recycling air and others. Some of them have a tendency to spoil. The biggest problems were with temperature control Suit. Complained to her particular astronaut Leroy Gordon missiles Cooper, who because he could not sleep. Every fifteen minutes had coolant flow control manually.
During the flight, however, have failed other things. Sensor that reported disconnection
Two weeks ago I wrote an article about the first Soviet spacecraft Vostok and Voskhod. Today I will discuss the U.S.. Soviet Union at the beginning of space exploration is clearly winning. The first satellite in orbit, the first cosmonaut, first EVA and many other firsts launched the so-called space race. The Americans have apparently pulled the short end. All this only because missiles the USSR did produce a decent racket. While the R-7 family slowly grew, Americans his racket dreams still searching. In 1957, fired by the Soviet Union Sputnik-1. A month followed Sputnik-2 with Laika on board. It was not clear what will be the next. Both superpowers have focused on sending humans into space.
Today we know that Yuri Gagarin was the first to ship Vostok. But then it was not so clear. Russians conceal everything, and so the U.S. can only speculate how many still have time. Therefore bet on certainty. In the absence of a decent racket focused on suborbital jump. In theory, the primacy enough nor half speed. Simply, it was necessary to put an astronaut capsule with shield and parachutes and shoot him some rocket to 100 km. The flight did not take more than seven minutes. It is best suited adjusted single-stage Redstone rocket, which I wrote in the fourth parts Cosmic Engine. Dnešnýo works, however, is not about rockets, is a manned missiles ships.
Mercury was America's pride. The first two launches graduated from the Redstone rocket and flew only suborbital trajectory. Honor to ride on Redstone had two American astronauts Alan Bartlett Shepard and Virgil Ivan Grissom. This was followed by a full flights to orbit. Already tested missiles the boat there four times earned Atlas-D rocket.
Mercury spacecraft was able to stay in space five hours and even after small adjustments throughout the day. At first glance, a very simple design, however, was very sophisticated and at that time even better design, as Vostok.
Order to complete a difficult space flight, had to meet a number of safety rules. Its walls were made up a quarter of a millimeter missiles thick titanium plates between which the lining, which prevented the penetration of sound waves or heat. The protection against missiles huge temperature missiles descent cared Beryllium shield. The ship was able to withstand axially missiles Upsilon overload up to 25 G at startup, and during the descent. Side managed to survive missiles up to 4 G. congestion when they hit the water surface 15G.
The astronaut rescue in case of accident launchers be care rescue system LES (Launch Escape System). Deorbitačný served to ignite braking rockets attached to the shield. missiles Power Cab electricity missiles provide three batteries with output of 3 kWh and one with an output of 1.5 kWh. In the wall of the visor, which is observing the earth. Similarly, it also served a small telescope that popped up after the first cosmic speed and descent alone automatically hid.
In space astronauts working in very cramped conditions. Matter of fact originated missiles the joke that man shall not take into Mercury, he wears it. On board were two cameras. One sense a control board with more than a hundred buttons, switches, lights, dials and other controls and information elements. The second control center watched astronaut. He for one day spent in orbit has done a good chunk of work.
Landing maneuver began ignition braking rockets. missiles They reduce boat speed of about 100 m / s. She then began to decrease slowly. At a height of about 90 km, is beryllium heat shield started. In forty kilometers was measured highest temperature 1650 degrees Celsius. Altimeter began working at 30 000 meters. Braking missiles parachute with a diameter of 1.4 meters was opened 6.4 kilometers above the Earth and the main parachute missiles canopy with dvadsaťmetrovou opens at three kilometers. Cabin sucked into the ocean. From the impact of the release depth bomb that exploded one kilometer below the surface and report information such as the approximate position of Mercury. Also released shield, which, however, remained associated with the boat and create a cushion to dampen the impact. After landing two radio beacons were activated and a beacon that could be seen within 37 km. Also began to emit phosphorescent substance missiles which marked the exact place of impact. Astronaut from the ship could get a top opening. But before flight to Mercury boarded side door.
In the boat were several automatic systems. They serve to stabilize the ship, temperature control Suit, automatic shooting, recycling air and others. Some of them have a tendency to spoil. The biggest problems were with temperature control Suit. Complained to her particular astronaut Leroy Gordon missiles Cooper, who because he could not sleep. Every fifteen minutes had coolant flow control manually.
During the flight, however, have failed other things. Sensor that reported disconnection
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